Forschungsschwerpunkte

Authority and Trust in American Culture, Society, History, and Politics

The topical focus of this undertaking is the emergence and transformation of authority and trust in American politics, society, religion, and culture since the nineteenth century. Due to its early democratization, its egalitarian and libertarian political culture, its ethno-cultural heterogeneity, and its international predominance, the United States is a particularly interesting case study of authority and trust in the modern world. The thematic scope of the project encompasses state and private actors, social and economic structures, institutions and discourses as well as spatial dimensions and transnational interconnections. For the first time, the formidable expertise that the HCA has been able to gather from the fields of geography, history, linguistics, literature, political science, and religious studies is concentrating on a single issue in this project.

Cotton Mather's Biblia Americana: A Critical Edition of America’s First Bible Commentary

Professor Jan Stievermann and a team of young scholars from American Studies and theology are now working on volume ten (Hebrews to Revelation) in the ongoing edition of the Biblia Americana by Cotton Mather. Together with general editor Reiner Smolinski (Atlanta), Jan Stievermann also serves as executive editor of the entire ten-volume edition of the Biblia to be realized by a team of seven international scholars.

The original handwritten manuscript, never before transcribed or published, is a comprehensive English-speaking Bible commentary from colonial British North America, produced by the famed Puritan theologian Cotton Mather (1663-1728) between 1693 and 1728. Since 2010 this work—of great significance for both religious and intellectual history—is being made available for the first time by academic publishers Mohr Siebeck in what will ultimately be ten annotated volumes. In 2015 Stievermann and his team completed volume five that includes Mather's commentaries on the biblical books of the Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Solomon, Isaiah, and Jeremiah. Editing the Biblia Americana in its entirety is unquestionably one of the most important and promising interdisciplinary projects now underway in early North American Studies. Researchers examining the cultural, religious, or literary history of America as well as Europe can equally profit from this academic edition of the Biblia.

In addition, Jan Stievermann's new monograph Prophecy, Piety, and the Problem of Historicity: Interpreting the Hebrew Scriptures in Cotton Mather's Biblia Americana (2016) offers the first comprehensive study of Mather's Old Testament exegesis. The descendant of an important Puritan clergy family of New England, Cotton Mather was one of the most influential and productive theologians in Colonial North America. He published more than four hundred writings, including a series of extensive and well-known works in various academic fields. Yet, he always regarded the Biblia as his most important endeavor and the summation of his lifework but failed to find either a wealthy patron or sufficient subscribers for the publication of his magnum opus. Today the 4,561 handwritten folio pages of the Biblia reside in the archives of the Massachusetts Historical Society (MHS). While the Biblia manuscript is in good overall condition, its contents have not generally been accessible. Challenges include the early modern handwriting used, which is difficult to decipher; frequent comments on loose pages of paper inserted into the manuscript; the extensive number of citations in classical languages; or a lack of identification for the innumerable literary references. Over the past few years leading Mather expert Reiner Smolinski has brought together a seven-person team of scholars from the fields of American Studies, American history, church history, and religious studies who will now finally realize this mammoth undertaking. The target for completion of the entire edition is 2020.

For more information, please visit matherproject.org.

 

„(Re-)Translating Scripture in Early American Protestantism: A Comparative Study of Cotton Mather’s “Biblia Americana” and Radical Pietist Revisionings of the Bible“

Sub-divided into two studies, to be conducted by Dr. Caitlin Smith and Dr. Benjamin Pietrenka, the project aims to conduct comparative, side-by-side studies of scriptural translations that various individual Protestant exegetes and groups from British North America undertook during the early and middle decades of the eighteenth century. We ask why, how, and with the use of which resources did these New World Bible translations challenge existing translations, specifically the widely predominant King James (KJV) and Luther Bibles? And in what ways did these revised translations reflect particular theologies (esp. millenarian and Philadelphian speculations) and support diverging identity formations in the intellectual cross-currents of the Enlightenment and the Protestant evangelical awakenings? The project has an interdisciplinary research design that brings together interests and methods of traditional church history/history of biblical interpretation with those of the history of “lived religion”-paradigm and early American cultural and literary studies. The other project will start in January 2022 and is titled: American Scriptures: Transformations of Scriptural Authority and the Canon in American Protestantism during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. It is part of the DFG research group De/Sakralisierung von Texten (FOR 2828) based at the University of Tübingen.

Naturkatastrophen in den USA

Der Nordamerikanische Kontinent und ganz besonders die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika sind mit einiger Regelmäßigkeit extremem Wetter und Naturkatastrophen ausgesetzt. Erdbeben, Dürre, Waldbrände, Stürme, Tornados, Hurricanes oder Überflutungen sind keine Seltenheit in den USA.

Doch obwohl sich die USA diesen Gegebenheiten stärker als die meisten anderen OECD Staaten ausgesetzt sehen, konnte das Land bisher keine effektive und nachhaltige Antwort auf die besonderen Herausforderungen finden, die durch Naturkatastrophen entstehen. Seit dem frühen 20. Jahrhundert sind Schäden und Todesfälle stetig angewachsen und immer mehr Menschen und deren Lebensstandard sind von extremen Naturereignissen bedroht. Im Forschungsschwerpunkt Naturkatastrophen in den USA beschäftigt sich das HCA im Besonderen mit den US-spezifischen Faktoren, die zu diesen immer weiter anwachsenden Schäden durch Naturkatastrophen führen. Neben dem Faktor Klimarisiken setzt der Forschungsschwerpunkt auf die Untersuchung von Wirtschafts- und Bevölkerungswachstum in den verschiedenen Regionen der USA, sowie Politikansätze im Bereich Schadensminderung und Disaster Risk Reduction. Außerdem soll die Rolle von Risikomanagement und Versicherungen, sowie ein Vergleich zwischen nordamerikanischen Entwicklungen und dem globalen Süden beleuchtet werden. Hinzukommen Überlegungen zu öffentlichen und politischen Diskursen zum Thema Naturkatastrophen, sowie die Wahrnehmungen von Risiken durch die Bevölkerung der USA.

Mitglieder des Forschungsschwerpunktes: Prof. Welf Werner, Natalie Rauscher

 

„Kurt Klein und Gerda Weissmann-Klein: Jüdisches Exil in den Vereinigten Staaten“

Seit 2020 ist das HCA Teil einer lokalen Initiative, die an das Schicksal der jüdischen Familie Klein aus Walldorf, einer Stadt südlich von Heidelberg, erinnert. Den drei Geschwistern Irmgard, Kurt und Max gelang in den ersten Jahren des Naziregimes die Emigration in die Vereinigten Staaten. Sie versuchten verzweifelt, aber erfolglos, die Auswanderung ihrer Eltern zu organisieren. Alice und Ludwig Klein wurden 1940 nach Gurs (Frankreich) deportiert und zwei Jahre später in Auschwitz ermordet. Kurt Klein kehrte in den letzten Monaten des Zweiten Weltkriegs als „Ritchie Boy“ (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritchie_Boys) der U.S.-Armee nach Europa zurück. Am Ende des Krieges lernte er seine Frau Gerda Weissmann kennen, eine Überlebende der Arbeitslager und Todesmärsche. Das Paar zog in die Vereinigten Staaten und widmete sein Leben der Aufklärung über den Holocaust, der Förderung von Toleranz und der gemeinnützigen Arbeit. Gerda Weissmann-Kleins autobiografischer Bericht All but My Life (1957) wurde 1995 für den Kurzfilm One Survivor Remembers adaptiert (https://www.ushmm.org/remember/holocaust-reflections-testimonies/one-survivor-remembers), der mit einem Academy Award und einem Emmy Award ausgezeichnet wurde. Sie war Mitglied des Verwaltungsrats des United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, das ihre Geschichte in seiner Dauerausstellung dokumentiert. Am 15. Februar 2011 überreichte Präsident Barack Obama Gerda Weissmann-Klein die Presidential Medal of Freedom, die höchste zivile Auszeichnung der Vereinigten Staaten.

Eine lokale Initiative in Walldorf plante, Kurt Kleins einhundertsten Geburtstag am 2. Juli 2020 mit einem Programm aus Lesungen, Filmen und Vorträgen der U.S.-Historiker Atina Grossman und Frank Mecklenburg zu begehen. Wegen der Covid-19-Pandemie wurde das ursprüngliche Programm auf den 2. Juli 2021 verschoben; eine kleinere Veranstaltung fand jedoch in der Astoria-Halle in Walldorf statt. Gemeinsam organisiert von Wolfgang Widder, der die Initiative ergriffen hatte, der Vereinigung Walldorfer Heimatfreunde, dem Theater Forum 84 und dem HCA würdigten mehr als achtzig Gäste das Leben von Kurt Klein. Das HCA wird dieses Vorhaben auch weiterhin wissenschaftlich begleiten. Zu den laufenden Projekten gehört eine deutsche Edition der Briefe, die Alice und Ludwig Klein während des Krieges an ihre Kinder schrieben, der Briefe, die Gerda und Kurt im ersten Jahr nach dem Krieg austauschten, sowie Gerdas Memoiren. Wir freuen uns, dass sich die Familie bereit erklärt hat, diese Projekte zu unterstützen und die Originalquellen zur Verfügung zu stellen.

Mehr Informationen: kurt-klein.de

 

„Re-Imagining the New Negro Renaissance: The Black Renaissance in Baltimore and Beyond“

In her postdoctoral research project, Susana Rocha Teixeira uses Baltimore as a case study to explore the formation of (literary or artistic) recognition, canon formation, and reading and reception practices in the context of the New Negro Movement. Although the primary interest of this study lies on “serious” literature, the project also takes the significant production of lowbrow, middlebrow or popular culture during the New Negro era into consideration, which reshaped, and had a lasting impact on, notions of black identity and cultural production. The study is also interested in the black press, which often was a platform for discussing writers, artists, cultural products, and disseminating ideas about literary, artistic, and cultural values within and beyond the country.

„Culture Wars - Kämpfe ums kulturelle Erbe“

Im Jahr 2022 sind die Gesellschaften des Westens zerrissen wie nie. Polarisierung ist das Buzzword der Stunde. Politische Debatten werden dabei zunehmend entlang moralischer Gräben ausgetragen. Auf dem Spiel stehen Lebensentwürfe, Weltbilder und gesellschaftliche Ideen darüber, was das Gemeinwesen ausmacht und auf welchem kulturellen Erbe sich dieses gründet. Seien es Fragen gesellschaftlicher Identität und Vielfalt, der wirtschaftspolitischen Ausrichtung, der Gesundheits- oder Klimapolitik: Sogenannte Culture Wars bestimmen die öffentliche Debatte und werden zum Katalysator von kultureller Transformation und Umbruch. Wie jedoch kommt es zu solchen Transformationsprozessen? Welche gesellschaftlichen Faktoren und Bedingungen begünstigen deren Entstehen und Erfolg? Und wie verändern sich gesellschaftliche Kulturen und die Wahrnehmung kulturellen Erbes? Diesen und weiteren Fragen widmet sich das Forschungsteam um Ekkehard Felder, Sebastian Harnisch und Günter Leypoldt.

„No Place for Trust: The Meaning of Home and Housing in Urban Development“

Ulrike Gerhard and Judith Keller collaborate on this project on the meaning of home and housing. As living within cities becomes more and more unaffordable due to neoliberal policies and global market forces, displacement from and discrimination on the housing market shape the everyday realties of many urban residents. This often entails the loss of home for those who are not part of the creative class and international elites, resulting in an increasing fragmentation and disintegration of many American cities. Trust and solidarity do not only erode but are undermined by practices of un-homing such as evictions and forced displacements that lead to major urban restructuring and, at the same time, to increasing inequalities.

„Unequal Access to Public Transportation and Restrictions on Equal Mobility“

Hamid Abud Russell’s project at the Institute for Geography focuses on the present conditions of public transportation in the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, the forces that have driven privatization, and its role in the construction and perpetuation of unequal development. The right to move as desired is hampered in cities where public transportation obeys the profit motive, and neglects mobility as a right. Bus routes evidence the restrictive range of motion available to workers, whose only journey is the repetitive path drawn to and from work. These restrictions limit the ability of all urban dwellers to have equal access to all aspects of their environment, it hampers their right to the city.

„Migration Across the Americas“

Migration is one of the most urgent issues describing the complex relations between the U.S., Latin America and the Caribbean. This project by Ulrike Gerhard and Soledad Alvarez Velasco is interested in historicizing the geo-economic and geopolitical impact of these relations in the present and understanding how they have been determinant in the migratory dynamics across the continent. We also seek to comprehend how those relations explain growing social inequality across the continent and within cities, and how Latin Americans have recreated livelihood strategies, including survival economies and urban and cross-border care infrastructure within the US and beyond. This project emerged out of a joint collaboration between the Heidelberg Center of Ibero-American Studies (HCIAS) and the Heidelberg Center of American Studies (HCA) and aims to establish an area studies focus on the Americas at Heidelberg University.

„Das zerstrittene Haus: Eine Geschichte der USA seit den 1960er Jahren“

Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg galten die USA als Modell einer konsensorientierten „Civic Culture“, doch spätestens seit der Präsidentschaftswahl 2016 sehen zahlreiche Beobachter im In-und Ausland Amerika als Krisenfall der Demokratie. Konsens herrscht unter Amerikanern heute nur noch darüber, dass das Land heillos zerstritten ist. Mit diesem Buchprojekt richtet sich Manfred Berg an die interessierte deutschsprachige Öffentlichkeit und wird die politisch-ideologischen, sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, ethnischen und kulturellen Konflikte und Triebkräfte in den Blick nehmen, die Amerika seit den 1960er Jahren zu einem „zerstrittenen Haus" gemacht haben, um ein berühmtes Wort Abraham Lincolns zu bemühen.

„European Repository of Cyber Incidents (EuRepoC)“

Sebastian Harnisch ist Mitglied dieses unabhängigen Forschungskonsortiums, das sich der evidenzbasierten wissenschaftlichen Analyse widmet und zu einem besseren Verständnis der Bedrohungslage durch Cyber-Vorfälle beitragen soll. Die öffentliche Bereitstellung von anwenderspezifischen, zuverlässigen Daten durch dieses interdisziplinäre Forschungsnetzwerk macht es zur Anlaufstelle für aktuelle Information zu Cyber-Vorfällen und relevanten Trends.

African American History: National and Transnational Vistas

The HCA's research focus on African American history unites several endeavors. In 2008, the HCA joined a research initiative with the German Historical Institute, Washington, D.C. and Vassar College (Poughkeepsie, N.Y.) on "The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany." Initiated by Professors Maria Höhn (Vassar) and Martin Klimke (New York University/Abu Dhabi), this research project and digital archive explores the connection between the establishment of American military bases abroad and the advancement of civil rights in the United States. It investigates the role African American GIs played in carrying the demands of the civil rights movement abroad beginning with World War II.

In July 2009, the project was awarded the Julius E. Williams Distinguished Community Service Award by the prestigious civil rights organization National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) at its Centennial Convention in New York City. As the NAACP explained, "By giving voice to their experience and to that of the people who interacted with them over civil rights demands and racial discrimination on both sides of the Atlantic, Höhn and Klimke are preserving and expanding the history of the African American civil rights movement beyond the boundaries of the U.S." As part of this research initiative, an exhibition on "The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany," including more than fifty black and white photographs as well as other exhibition samples, was shown in numerous cities across both Germany and the United States, including Augsburg, Berlin, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Mainz, Munich, Ramstein, and Tübingen, as well as in Washington, D.C., Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Berkeley, Calif., Oxford, Miss., San Francisco, Athens, Ga., Chapel Hill, N.C., as well as London, England. By illustrating the untold story of African American GIs and the transnational implications of the civil rights movement, the exhibit aims at advancing a more nuanced and multilayered sense of how America's struggle for democracy reverberated across the globe. The accompanying book A Breath of Freedom: The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany by Maria Höhn and Martin Klimke was published by Palgrave Macmillan in October 2010 (www.breathoffreedom.org). The documentary "Breath of Freedom: Black Soldiers and the Struggle for Civil Rights," directed by Dag Freyer and originating from the project, premiered February 17, 2014, on the Smithsonian Channel in the U.S. and was broadcast on Arte on December 16, 2014. A German edition of the book was published by transcript Verlag in 2016. For further information on the project as well as access to its digital archive, please visit: www.aacvr-germany.org.

Two projects at the Curt Engelhorn Chair in American History explored the history of slavery, race, abolitionism, black political integration, and the civil rights movements from a perspective that encompasses intersections with social, political, and cultural developments outside the United States. They seek to contribute to a deeper understanding not only of the enduring relevance of African-American history at a national level but also to place questions of ethnicity, race, and racism in a larger global and transnational framework. Publications from these projects include Globalizing Lynching History: Vigilantism and Extralegal Punishment from an International Perspective and Racism in the Modern World: Historical Perspectives on Cultural Transfer and Adaption (both eds. Manfred Berg and Simon Wendt, 2011).

In 2009, Martin Klimke and then-HCA research fellow Mischa Honeck co-convened a conference on Germany and the black diaspora at the German Historical Institute in Washington, D.C. The conference volume Germany and the Black Diaspora: Points of Contact, 1250-1914, edited by Mischa Honeck, Martin Klimke and Anne Kuhlmann-Smirnov, came out in 2013.

HCA research associate Anja Schüler has started work on a biography of the African-American biographer Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955), the preeminent figure of the African-American women's movement in the first third of the twentieth century. Utilizing one of the few roads for African American women to gain professional status, Bethune established and presided over what would in 1941 become the first fully accredited four-year college for African Americans in Florida; advised four presidents on child welfare, education, and civil rights; served two terms as president of the National Association of Colored Women; founded the National Council of Colored Women; and became a member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Black Cabinet" and arguably the most influential African American woman in the New Deal administration.

 

Sustainable Governance Indicators 2018: Regional Coordination - United States, Canada, Chile and Mexico

HCA faculty member Dr. Martin Thunert continues to serve as regional coordinator (since 2007) for the OECD member states in the Americas (Canada, Chile, Mexico, United States) and affiliated member of the board of an ongoing international and comparative research project which is conducted and sponsored by the Bertelsmann Foundation in Gütersloh – the Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGI). The SGI is a platform built on a cross-national survey of governance that identifies reform needs in forty-one Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and European Union (E.U.) countries. The SGI brings together a broad network of experts and practitioners aiming to understand what works best in sustainable governance. The SGI project offers full access to its data set and thus enables the comparisons that generate innovation in governance.

Some seventy international experts participate in this broad-based study. Based on 150 qualitative and quantitative indicators, the SGI provide a detailed picture of the countries' strengths and limitations in order to advance the debate on good governance and sustainable policymaking among OECD members. The SGI thus provide considerably more information than conventional economic data since social progress and sustainability cannot be expressed by growth rates or material prosperity alone. They also shed light on the success of OECD member states in additional policymaking fields crucial for ensuring the ongoing performance and long-term stability of economic, political, social, and ecological systems and for guaranteeing a high level of social participation. These fields include education, employment, healthcare, integration, innovation, and the environment. In addition to these traditional policymaking fields, the SGI also examine the quality of democracy and rule of law as well as each government's executive capacity in practice. The SGI and its sub-indexes are calculated using quantitative data from international organizations and then supplemented by qualitative assessments from recognized country experts.

As a result, the SGI shed light on how capable each country is of using governance processes to identify pressing problems, formulate strategic solutions, and, consequently, ensure sustainable policymaking outcomes. Over the past nine years the project has helped to create a comprehensive data pool on government-related activities in the world's developed market democracies – among them the United States, Canada, Chile, and Mexico. The role of the regional coordinator for the Americas is to edit, amend, and consolidate expert assessments written by eight recognized country specialists – two for each country, representing at least two academic disciplines (for example economics and political science) or two nationalities, including the subject nation. The results are four separate country reports of 30-40 pages each on reform capacities of the United States, Canada, Chile, and Mexico, incorporating quantitative data interpreted through the lenses of the qualitative expert assessments.

The results of the latest SGI round were released as Sustainable Governance Indicators 2018 in October of 2018. As always, the entire data, rankings, and sub-rankings for each policy area as well as the country reports are accessible online free of charge on the project's website. Based on its highly interactive functionality, the SGI website offers users easy access to every level of information, including a short version of key findings.

The USA 2018 country report written by Dr. habil. Martin Thunert (HCA), Professor Christian Lammert (Free University of Berlin, JFK-Institute), and Professor Paul J. Quirk (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) can be downloaded at http://www.sgi-network.org/docs/2018/country/ SGI2018_USA.pdf. Here are some of the results:

  • Showing increasing problems of fiscal unsustainability, the United States receives middling scores overall (rank 24) with regard to economic policies. Its score on this measure has increased by 0.3 points since 2014. With significant weaknesses, the United States scores relatively poorly in international comparison (rank 30) in the area of social policies. Its score on this measure has declined by 0.6 points relative to 2014. Severe educational inequalities between high- and lowincome areas are evident, with performance generally disappointing. Rising university costs have created severe access issues, particularly for poorer students. Income inequality has increased dramatically. Republican efforts to repeal Obama-era health insurance reforms failed. Continued uncertainty has hampered the stabilization of health insurance markets. Despite tax benefits for families with children, direct family policy is minimal. The employment rate for women is high. Ideological stalemate has prevented pension-system sustainability reforms. The Trump administration has taken numerous steps to cut legal and illegal immigration, and Trump himself has shown active rhetorical hostility toward immigrants. Large-city homicide rates and gun violence in general are serious problems, and the phenomenon of police violence against blacks has drawn increasing attention.
  • Despite a history of ambitious environmental protections, the United States has fallen to the SGI 2018’s lowest position (rank 41) with regard to environmental policies. Its score in this area has declined by 0.9 points relative to 2014. The Trump administration ceased participation in the Paris climate agreement and is trying to rejuvenate the coal industry. Hard-line opponents of environmental regulation have been appointed to top environmental positions, and many regulations have been reversed.
  • Despite the administration’s newly routine flouting of political norms, the United States falls into the upper-middle ranks (rank 18) with regard to democracy quality. Its score on this measure has declined by 1.0 point relative to 2014. A majority of states have implemented measures making it harder for some groups to register and vote. The Trump administration has rolled back anti-discrimination rules. The Republican Senate’s refusal to act on Obama’s Supreme Court nomination and subsequent confirmation of Trump’s highlighted the newly partisan character of the federal judiciary. However, courts continue to act independently in blocking some administration policies. Climate change has proven a major stumbling block, with many Americans rejecting large-scale emissions-control strategies. However, piecemeal efforts by individual states, increased fuel-economy standards and coal-plant regulations, and increased use of natural gas have resulted in emissions reductions consistent with international expectations.
  • With a worrisome degree of chaos at top executive levels, the United States has fallen to the lower-middle ranks (rank 27) with respect to executive capacity. Its score on this measure has declined by 1.8 points relative to 2014. President Trump has shown virtually no interest in longrange planning. Executive decision-making does not follow orderly processes. The lack of experienced top personnel has increased informal coordination, such as within Trump’s family and business networks. Impact analysis has largely been abandoned at the administration level. Regulations and Obama-era decisions have been aggressively reversed on the basis of minimal analysis. Legislative successes have been extremely limited, due to divisions within the Republican party. Trump’s executive actions have frequently been blocked by the courts.
  • Despite concerns over the implications of an uninformed public, the United States receives a high overall score (rank 6) in the area of executive accountability. Its score in this area is unchanged relative to its 2014 level. Congressional resources are quite substantial, and formal executive-oversight powers are strong, although legislative staff cuts reflect increasing reliance on ideological think tanks for policy advice. The General Accountability Office is independent and influential, with other offices performing additional audit functions. Party candidates are chosen democratically. Party platforms are produced at conventions every four years, but have little influence. Interest associations are often sophisticated and media-savvy.

SGI was covered extensively, for example in a series of the German news magazine Der Spiegel in the summer of 2012 (editions 26/2012-29/2012) entitled "The Craft of Governing" ("Das Handwerk des Herrschens"). The series singled out "good governance" as the central topic for policymakers and civil servants in time of economic and financial crisis. In its introductory article, Der Spiegel described the Sustainable Governance Indicators and its sister project BTI as the "most ambitious experience in comparative politics since Aristotle's time." Current SGI News is available on Facebook. In the spring of 2018 the board of the Bertelsmann Foundation decided to fully fund the project for another four years. Therefore, the next round of SGI 2019 expert assessments was launched in fall 2018.

 

„Hegemonic Transition: Global Economic and Security Orders in the Age of Trump“

This project conceived by Florian Böller and Welf Werner book offers an assessment of the ongoing transformation of hegemonic order and its domestic and international politics. Under the Trump administration, international order was thrown into crisis. the USA has ceased to unequivocally support the institutions it helped to foster. China’s power surge, contestation by smaller states, and the West’s internal struggle with populism and economic discontent have undermined the liberal order from outside and from within. While the diagnosis of a crisis is hardly new, its sources, scope, and underlying politics are still up for debate. This reading of hegemony diverges from a static concept, toward a focus on the dynamic politics of hegemonic ordering. This perspective includes the domestic support and demand for specific hegemonic goods, the contestation and backing by other actors within distinct layers of hegemonic orders, and the underlying bargaining between the hegemon and subordinate actors. The case studies in the book that came out of this project thus investigate hegemonic politics across regimes (e.g., trade and security), regions (e.g., Asia, Europe, and Global South), and actors (e.g., major powers and smaller states).

Urban Inequality in the Creative City: A Comparative Analysis of Emerging New Disparities in the Knowledge Society

In the context of the knowledge society, knowledge-intensive industries are seen as a chance for urban economic prosperity and development. However, many of these claims have not yet been tested thoroughly or have even been refuted. Moreover, it might be that the strong focus on education, creativity, and social networks adds to increased cleavages between different social groups instead of opening up opportunities for disadvantaged inhabitants. The project therefore takes a closer look at the impact of the knowledge-based industries on disparities in cities.

It analyzes social inequalities in seven different cities and how they relate to these so-called creative cities. All cities investigated are in different countries, all have large and prestigious universities, and all share a strong focus on the knowledge-intensive industries. By comparing them, the participating scholars assess differences and similarities in inequalities and relate them to recent trends in the context of the knowledge society. Associated partners are: Professor Ulrike Gerhard (Heidelberg), Dr. Michael Hölscher (Heidelberg), Professor David Wilson (Urbana-Champaign), Professor Thomas Hutton (UBC Vancouver), Professor Linda McDowell (Oxford), Professor David Giband (Montpellier), Dr. Ferenc Gyuirs (Budapest), and Dr. Justin Beaumont (Groningen). Findings of this project were published in 2016 as Inequalities in Creative Cities: Issues, Approaches, Comparisons.

 

Mobility and the Making of the Creative City: Neoliberal Urban Restructuring and its Impacts on Mobility, Space and Social (In)Justice

The neoliberal creative city discourse has been one of the most significant urban discourses driving public policy interventions and urban restructuring in cities across the globe. However, the notion of everyday mobility practices, on the one hand, and the (re)production of mobility in cities and the politics this produces, on the other hand, have been largely overlooked in research on the creative city, even as (the reshaping of) mobility and its spaces appear to play significant roles in the making of the creative city. Thus, in this Habilitation project Gregg Culver is investigating whether and how neoliberal creative city strategies impact the production and politics of local mobility regimes and what this means for concerns over ever-increasing social inequality. Using the empirical example of the surprising, and as of yet largely unexplained, re-emergence of streetcar development projects in dozens of cities throughout the United States, this research aspires to make substantive theoretical and empirical contributions to urban, transport, and mobilities geographies.

Global Urban Society: Doing Global Urban Research Beyond the Global North and South

"Planetary Urbanization" is the new term to study recent urbanization processes throughout the globe. It criticizes the classic dichotomy between rural and urban and extends urban research beyond the traditional urban boundaries. There is "no outside to the urban" since we live in a completely urbanized society (Lefevbre). Thus we have to think the city not as a form or function but as a new theoretical concept. This opens possibilities to study cities throughout the world from different angles, diverse scales, and critical perspectives. The mega city should not stand as a metonym for the city in the global south, whereas the global city is not just a phenomenon of the global north. Neoliberalism is not the only quintessential narrative of urban development in the twentieth century but just one way to understand increasing inequalities within and between cities. This new epistemology of the urban provides new grounds to study North American cities from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Patterns of Economic Policy Advice in Germany and the United States: Organizational Models, Cultural Influences, and Advisory Discourses, with a Particular Emphasis on the World of Work

In times of economic uncertainty and financial crisis, economic advice is in high demand across the industrialized world. The United States and Germany represent two very different models of making economic expertise available to policymakers and society at large. Dr. Martin Thunert, together with Professor Andrea Römmele of the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, received a substantial grant to research economic policy advice in the United States and Germany from a comparative perspective. The project started in late 2013 and terminated in early 2018 with the submission of the project’s main findings to the Böckler-Foundation. The year 2017 was devoted to drafting and editing the final report.

Funding has come from the Hans-Böckler-Foundation, affiliated with the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB), the Confederation of German Trade Unions. The project analyzes the rules, mandates, and procedures and then evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of selected advisory bodies in both countries – from in-house policy units to expert committees and think tanks. In line with the Hans-Böckler-Foundation's support for research linked to the world of work, the project pays special attention to the question of how the perspective of workers can inform actors, institutions, and processes of economic policy advice in both countries. Dr. Martin Thunert's work was supported by Michael Kühlen, M.A., who served as his research associate between February and November 2014, when he left for a position at the Hans-Böckler-Foundation. Gordon Friedrichs, M.A., who has been with the HCA since 2012, took over this position as research associate between December 1, 2014 and September 30, 2016. In late 2015 Hanna Thiele, B.A., a former student in the HCA’s BAS program and now a master student of international relations at Frankfurt University, joined the project as a student research assistant, while Natalie Rauscher, M.A., a graduate of the MAS program and a doctoral student at the HCA came on board as a graduate student research assistant in February 2016. Both provided assistance to Martin Thunert in the process of drafting and editing the final report in 2017 and early 2018, especially with improving graphics as well as with upgrading bibliographic and statistical information. The final report with the working title “ Muster der Politikberatung: Wirtschaftspolitische Beratung in Deutschland und den USA im Vergleich” co-authored by Gordon Friedrichs, Dorota Stasiak, and Martin Thunert with the help of Natalie Rauscher and Hanna Thiele is currently in the final copyediting stage and will be published online as an edition of the online-publication series “Study” of the Hans-Böckler-Foundation in the first half of 2019.

 

 

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Letzte Änderung: 25.04.2023
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